I once witnessed a Nigerian woman burst into tears when her doctor gently told her she would need a Cesarean delivery. At that moment, it became clear to me just how misunderstood C-sections are in Nigeria. Cesarean births are often seen as a curse in this part of the world.
A Cesarean Section, or C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. It’s often recommended when vaginal delivery poses risks to the mother or baby, such as complications like prolonged labor, fetal distress, or certain medical conditions. While it has undoubtedly saved countless lives, the procedure carries a stigma in Nigeria that refuses to budge.
Generally, C-sections have a bad rap in the country. For many, it’s seen not as a medical necessity but as an admission of failure—a sign that a woman couldn’t “push” her baby out naturally. This perception is deeply rooted in cultural beliefs and societal pressures, where vaginal delivery is celebrated as a rite of passage and proof of womanhood. Yet, this narrative ignores the realities of modern medicine and the complexities of childbirth.
This article explores the medical realities and the need for a more balanced conversation about childbirth options.
Historical Context
The history of Cesarean Sections stretches far back into ancient civilizations. Records show that C-sections were performed in ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, China, and India, often as a desperate measure to save the child when the mother’s life was already in danger. While these procedures were far from safe and were rarely intended to preserve the mother’s life, they laid the groundwork for what would eventually become a standard medical practice. By the 19th and early 20th centuries, advancements in surgical techniques, anesthesia, and antiseptics transformed the C-section into a safer, life-saving procedure for both mother and child.
In Nigeria, however, childbirth has always been deeply rooted in tradition. For generations, women delivered their babies at home, often with the assistance of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) who relied on herbs, rituals, and experiences passed down through oral tradition. These practices, while cherished as part of cultural heritage, came with significant risks, especially in cases of complications during labor.
The introduction of C-sections into Nigeria’s medical system came with the colonial influence and the establishment of modern hospitals. Over time, it became a viable option for managing high-risk pregnancies. Yet, societal perceptions of the procedure have remained largely negative.
Even today, these traditional beliefs still exist, causing a clash between modern medical practices and cultural values. This shows the need for open discussions about how C-sections save lives while also respecting people’s cultural beliefs.
Cultural/Religious Perspective
In Nigeria, many people view Cesarean deliveries with suspicion and judgment. Vaginal births are seen as the “natural” way to give birth. Older generations, in particular, believe a “real woman” should be able to push her baby out without help. For them, needing a C-section is seen as unnatural and often mistaken as a sign of weakness or failure.
Religious beliefs also play a role in shaping these perceptions. It is not uncommon for religious leaders to pray, asking God to prevent Cesarean sections for pregnant women in their congregation. Therefore reinforcing the idea that the procedure is something to fear or avoid. This adds to the stigma, making mothers who undergo the surgery feel judged or inadequate.
The situation is even worse for women who choose a maternal request cesarean. If medically necessary procedures are frowned upon, imagine the backlash a woman might face for deciding to have a C-section simply because she feels it’s the best option for her. The judgment from family, friends, and society can be overwhelming.
For many mothers, this cultural and religious pressure leads to feelings of shame or guilt. They may feel like they’ve failed some unwritten test of strength or womanhood, even though a C-section is often the safest choice for both mother and baby. These attitudes make it harder for women to prioritize their health without fear of judgment.
Medical Perspective
Nigerian doctors are well aware of how C-sections are often frowned upon in society. Because of this, they suggest the procedure when it is necessary to protect the mother and/or baby. It is a life-saving option for situations where vaginal delivery could put the mother or baby at serious risk.
When Is a C-Section Needed?
Doctors only recommend C-sections when continuing with vaginal delivery could lead to complications. Some of these situations include:
- Prolonged labor or failure to progress.
- Fetal distress (baby not getting enough oxygen).
- Placenta previa (placenta blocks the cervix).
- Breech presentation (baby is positioned on feet or buttocks first).
- Multiple pregnancies (e.g., twins or triplets).
- Certain medical conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes.
- Previous C-section with complications.
Despite societal views, the priority for medical professionals remains the health and safety of the mother and child, making the procedure essential in specific high-risk cases. However, C-sections must be performed by specialist obstetricians, as it is a major surgery with a long list of potential complications, including infections, bleeding, and longer recovery times. Only trained experts can ensure that the procedure is carried out safely, minimizing risks for both the mother and the baby.
Changing Perceptions
Health professionals have a key role in educating patients and the public about Cesarean sections. They must help people understand that all surgical procedures, including C-sections, are done for the benefit of the person involved. This can help dispel the fear and stigma that often surround the procedure.
It’s also important to highlight that while C-sections do have potential complications, these risks can be greatly reduced with the right hospital facilities, proper equipment, and skilled healthcare professionals. With better education and resources, C-sections can be seen for what they truly are: a safe, life-saving option when needed.
Conclusion
Cesarean sections are a vital medical procedure that has saved countless lives, yet in Nigeria, they remain surrounded by stigma and misconceptions. Balancing cultural beliefs with medical realities requires education, community engagement, and systemic improvements in healthcare infrastructure. It falls on health professionals to lead the charge, emphasizing that every childbirth journey—whether vaginal or through C-section—is valid and should be free from judgment.
As a society, we must shift the narrative. A C-section is not a sign of weakness but a testament to the lengths a mother will go to ensure the safety of her child and herself. By breaking down the stigma and providing access to safe and affordable care, we can ensure that no woman feels ashamed for choosing life-saving medical intervention when it is needed. After all, the ultimate goal is the same for every mother—a healthy baby and a healthy self.
